Leaving No One Behind

Reducing multiple dimensions of inequality

LNOB = Leave No One Behind

LNOB means moving our analysis beyond assessing average progress towards SDG indicators. This platform helps understand how different circumstances interact to create unequal access to basic opportunities. It provides a sound basis for inclusive policy development to boost equality of opportunity across our region.

Inequalities in SDGs

16 indicators covering 8 SDGs over time.

Country and Period Coverage

Results are available for 30 countries across Asia and the Pacific in 2009-2022 period.

Data and Methodology

Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and Dissimilarity Index (D index) with Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (2009-2020)

Why use the tool?

Find which SDGs have the most "Left Behind"

SDGs are not equal in terms of the size and composition of groups left behind in their achievement.

Uncover who are the “Left Behind” in specific SDGs

Unique combinations of individual and household circumstances identify who are left behind and where.

Monitor gaps and inequality in SDG achievements?

The groups that are furthest left behind change over time across SDGs both for the good and the bad.

LNOB Trees

What do you get from this platform?

Overview of inequalities in the attainment of SDGs

Visualizes gaps in 16 SDG indicators in 29 countries across Asia-Pacific covering SDGs 1-8 and SDG 17.

Visualization of furthest behind groups

Provides graphic illustrations of the groups furthest behind and the gaps in opportunity they face

Results available at regional, national and sub-national levels

Generates granular insights by exploring the situation of individuals and households at country and provincial level

Overview Table

Who can benefit from this platform?

Governments

Design and implement truly inclusive development policies that leave no one behind.

Civil Society

Advocate and influence policy design and implementation with evidence.

Academia

Conduct more research inspired by latest LNOB results.

Development Partners

Support policymakers with inclusive projects that contribute to sustainable development.

Learn More

How do we produce our results?

Step 1: Obtain Household Surveys

LNOB platform relies on DHS and MICS for their wide availability and comparability.

Step 2: Process and Analyze Data

ESCAP LNOB Code cleans and processes household surveys and applies machine learning techniques to understand social and economic inequality.

Validate Results

ESCAP LNOB Team validates results by cross-checking final DHS and MICS Reports.

Publish Online

Validated results are presented online in an intuitive, attractive, and interactive format ready for use.

Methodology

Mapping Furthest Behind across SDG Indicators

Which SDG are you interested in?

The platform currently covers 16 SDG indicators across 9 SDGs in 29 countries.

How to disaggregate SDGs?

Each SDG indicator has its own model featuring a combination of individual and household level circumstances.

Results are needed at which level?

Results are available at regional, national and sub-national levels and over time.

LNOB Methodology

VAC MultiChartsWrapper

Media

Publications

Inequality of opportunity in Asia and the Pacific : pandemic preparedness

Inequality of Opportunity in Asia and the Pacific: Birth Registration

Voluntary National Review - Fiji

Voluntary National Review Brief - Samoa

Inequality of Opportunity in Asia and the Pacific: Intimate Partner Violence Against Women-Exploring Shared Circumstances Behind Higher Prevalence in Asia and the Pacific

Philippines LNOB Brief-DHS (2022)

Thailand LNOB Brief-MICS (2022)

Leaving No One Behind: ICT Skills in Asia and the Pacific

Leaving no one behind: access to social protection in Asia and the Pacific

Voluntary National Review Brief - Nepal

Nepal LNOB Brief-DHS (2022)

Afghanistan LNOB Brief-MICS (2022)

Birth Registration in Asia and the Pacific: A Classification and Regression Tree Analysis to Identify the Furthest Behind Children

Inequality of Opportunity: Assessing Birth Registration in Fiji

Illustrations of the Methodology

Methodology

Inequality in Access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)

Framework of Analysis

Voluntary National Review Brief - Cambodia

Cambodia LNOB Brief-DHS (2022)

Uzbekistan LNOB Brief-MICS (2022)

Fiji LNOB Brief-MICS (2021)

Indonesia LNOB Brief-DHS (2017)

Nepal LNOB Brief-MICS (2019)

Tonga LNOB Brief-MICS (2019)

Armenia LNOB Brief-DHS (2016)

Kyrgyzstan LNOB Brief-MICS (2018)

Samoa LNOB Brief-MICS (2019)

Türkiye LNOB Brief-DHS (2013)

Georgia LNOB Brief-MICS (2018)

Mongolia LNOB Brief-MICS (2018)

Philippines LNOB Brief-DHS (2017)

Kazakhstan LNOB Brief-MICS (2015)

Pakistan LNOB Brief-DHS (2017)

Turkmenistan LNOB Brief-MICS (2019)

Bangladesh LNOB Brief-MICS (2019)

Lao PDR LNOB Brief-MICS (2017)

Tajikistan LNOB Brief-DHS (2017)

Viet Nam LNOB Brief-MICS (2013)

India LNOB Brief-DHS (2020)

Myanmar LNOB Brief-DHS (2016)

Timor-Leste LNOB Brief-DHS (2016)

Afghanistan LNOB Brief-DHS (2015)

Kiribati LNOB Brief-MICS (2019)

Papua New Guinea LNOB Brief-DHS (2018)

Tuvalu LNOB Brief-MICS (2019)

Bhutan LNOB Brief-MICS (2010)

Maldives LNOB Brief-DHS (2017)

Thailand LNOB Brief-MICS (2019)

The workforce we need : social outlook for Asia and the Pacific

Inequality of opportunity on Asia and the Pacific : financial inclusion 2022 update

Our working paper on LNOB

The protection we want : social outlook for Asia and the Pacific

A user-friendly reference guide

Financial inclusion : inequality of opportunity in Asia and the Pacific

Closing the gap : empowerment and inclusion in Asia and the Pacific

Women's sexual and reproductive health : inequality of opportunity in Asia and the Pacific

Social outlook for Asia and the Pacific : poorly protected

Children's nutrition : inequality of opportunity in Asia and the Pacific

Clean energy : inequality of opportunity in Asia and the Pacific

Inequality in Asia and the Pacific in the era of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development

Water and sanitation : inequality of opportunity in Asia and the Pacific

Education : inequality of opportunity in Asia and the Pacific

Decent work : inequality of opportunity in Asia and the Pacific

Sustainable Social Development in Asia and the Pacific: Towards a People-Centred Transformation

Time for equality : the role of social protection in reducing inequality in Asia and the Pacific

Afghanistan LNOB Brief-MICS (2022)

Afghanistan LNOB Brief-DHS (2015)

Armenia LNOB Brief-DHS (2016)

Bangladesh LNOB Brief-MICS (2019)

Bhutan LNOB Brief-MICS (2010)

Cambodia LNOB Brief-DHS (2022)

Fiji LNOB Brief-MICS (2021)

Georgia LNOB Brief-MICS (2018)

India LNOB Brief-DHS (2020)

Indonesia LNOB Brief-DHS (2017)

Kazakhstan LNOB Brief-MICS (2015)

Kiribati LNOB Brief-MICS (2019)

Kyrgyzstan LNOB Brief-MICS (2018)

Lao PDR LNOB Brief-MICS (2017)

Maldives LNOB Brief-DHS (2017)

Mongolia LNOB Brief-MICS (2018)

Myanmar LNOB Brief-DHS (2016)

Nepal LNOB Brief-DHS (2022)

Nepal LNOB Brief-MICS (2019)

Pakistan LNOB Brief-DHS (2017)

Papua New Guinea LNOB Brief-DHS (2018)

Philippines LNOB Brief-DHS (2022)

Philippines LNOB Brief-DHS (2017)

Samoa LNOB Brief-MICS (2019)

Tajikistan LNOB Brief-DHS (2017)

Thailand LNOB Brief-MICS (2022)

Thailand LNOB Brief-MICS (2019)

Timor-Leste LNOB Brief-DHS (2016)

Tonga LNOB Brief-MICS (2019)

Türkiye LNOB Brief-DHS (2013)

Turkmenistan LNOB Brief-MICS (2019)

Tuvalu LNOB Brief-MICS (2019)

Uzbekistan LNOB Brief-MICS (2022)

Viet Nam LNOB Brief-MICS (2013)

Voluntary National Review - Fiji

Voluntary National Review Brief - Samoa

Voluntary National Review Brief - Nepal

Voluntary National Review Brief - Cambodia

Inequality of opportunity in Asia and the Pacific : pandemic preparedness

Inequality of Opportunity in Asia and the Pacific: Birth Registration

Inequality of Opportunity in Asia and the Pacific: Intimate Partner Violence Against Women-Exploring Shared Circumstances Behind Higher Prevalence in Asia and the Pacific

Inequality of opportunity on Asia and the Pacific : financial inclusion 2022 update

Women's sexual and reproductive health : inequality of opportunity in Asia and the Pacific

Financial inclusion : inequality of opportunity in Asia and the Pacific

Education : inequality of opportunity in Asia and the Pacific

Decent work : inequality of opportunity in Asia and the Pacific

Children's nutrition : inequality of opportunity in Asia and the Pacific

Clean energy : inequality of opportunity in Asia and the Pacific

Water and sanitation : inequality of opportunity in Asia and the Pacific

Leaving No One Behind: ICT Skills in Asia and the Pacific

Leaving no one behind: access to social protection in Asia and the Pacific

Birth Registration in Asia and the Pacific: A Classification and Regression Tree Analysis to Identify the Furthest Behind Children

Inequality of Opportunity: Assessing Birth Registration in Fiji

Illustrations of the Methodology

Methodology

Inequality in Access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)

Framework of Analysis

Our working paper on LNOB

A user-friendly reference guide

The workforce we need : social outlook for Asia and the Pacific

The protection we want : social outlook for Asia and the Pacific

Closing the gap : empowerment and inclusion in Asia and the Pacific

Social outlook for Asia and the Pacific : poorly protected

Inequality in Asia and the Pacific in the era of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development

Sustainable Social Development in Asia and the Pacific: Towards a People-Centred Transformation

Time for equality : the role of social protection in reducing inequality in Asia and the Pacific

Events

ESCAP Technical R Training for LNOB Analysis in Nepal

Follow-up Technical Training on LNOB Analysis in Mongolia

ESCAP Technical R Training for LNOB Analysis in India

ESCAP Technical R Training for LNOB Analysis in Turkmenistan

Expert Group Meeting on LNOB Tool in Cambodia

ESCAP Technical R Training for LNOB Analysis in Tonga

ESCAP Technical R Training for LNOB Analysis in the Pacific

ESCAP Technical R Training for LNOB Analysis in the Philippines

Expert Group Meeting on Strengthening national capacity for identifying the furthest behind in Fiji

ESCAP Technical R Training for LNOB Analysis in Mongolia

Committee on Social Development, Seventh Session

Social Outlook for Asia and the Pacific: The Workforce We Need

Launch of the Leaving No One Behind Analysis training series in Tonga

An Introduction to the Leaving No One Behind (LNOB) Analysis, a virtual training for Turkmenistan

An Introduction to the Leaving No One Behind (LNOB) Analysis, a virtual training for Tonga

An Introduction to the Leaving No One Behind (LNOB) Analysis, a virtual training for Tuvalu

An Introduction to the Leaving No One Behind (LNOB) Analysis, a virtual training for Philippines

An Introduction to the Leaving No One Behind (LNOB) Analysis, a virtual training for Mongolia

Issue 5: Updates & What's Next in 2024

Issue 4: Connect with us on LinkedIN!

Issue 3:LNOB Happenings and Updates: Check out the new platform!

Issue 2

Issue 1: LNOB team checking in!

Testimonials

Let us embrace this occasion not just as a training but as a catalyst for change, a platform to strengthen our resolve, and a space to build lasting partnerships. May our collective endeavors during these two days propel us towards a future where no one is left behind.

Mr. Toyam Raya

Chief Statistician, National Statistics Office

ESCAP's two day LNOB workshop will train you as a statistician. Not only will you learn about the LNOB platform, but you will also learn about statistical tools. These tools will guide you on how to transform your data into information that everyone can visualize and understand.

Mr. Sione Lolohea

Acting Government Statistician, Tonga Statistics Department

I am pleased that ESCAP's technical training not only is building national capacity to do LNOB analysis but also training people in R statistical software. The R software will enable countries to re-analyze various census and survey data, which are multi-million dollar assets that can contribute new insights to complex questions going far beyond the original reports.

Mr. Peter Ellis

Director, Statistics for Development Division, Pacific Community (SPC)

The LNOB platform can be a source of useful guidance for policymakers on how to contribute to monitoring SDG progress and acceleration, by identifying those who are furthest left behind groups and the circumstances under which they are. This will enable inclusive and sustainable development, leaving no one behind!

Mr. Tapan Mishra

UN Resident Coordinator in Mongolia

The LNOB analysis provided by ESCAP can provide inclusive data for policymakers to craft interventions that are responsive to the needs of everyone, including the marginalized groups.

Ms. Wilma Guillen

Assistant National Statistician

As we continue to work towards achieving the SDGs, it is essential that we all enhance our capacity to understand and implement a LNOB analysis. Because applying the LNOB principle in practice is not a voluntary exercise, it is not a choice but mandatory. In international human rights law, multiple grounds of discrimination are prohibited.

Ms. Heike Alefson

UN Resident Coordinator a.i in the Pacific

The LNOB platform is an evidence-based tool that gives us an opportunity to identify who is being left behind in basic needs and where they are now, and to support policy making to ensure no one is left behind.

Mr. Batdavaa Batmunkh

Chairman, National Statistical Office of Mongolia

The LNOB platform is an excellent starting point for designing truly inclusive development policies by identifying who is left behind in SDG indicators and what circumstances they share.

H.E. Mr. Boros Samheng

Minister, Government of Cambodia

ESCAP's LNOB surprises us all by providing evidence against preconceptions about who lacks access to basic opportunities. It helps us monitor gaps and inequality in SDG achievements.

H.E. Ms. Ariunzaya Ayush

Senior Advisor and chief of Staff to the Prime Minister of Mongolia

About Us

Leaving no one behind (LNOB) means moving our analysis beyond assessing average progress towards development indicators. The tools on this platform help understand how different circumstances interact to create unequal access to basic opportunities. They provide a sound basis for inclusive policy development to increase opportunity across our region.